Air pollution is an important determinant of health. Chinaenvironmental cost of pollution iii acknowledgments v abbreviations and acronyms vii foreword ix executive summary xi 1 overview 1 2 health impacts of ambient air pollution 19 3 health impacts of water pollution 33 4 valuation of environmental health risks 67 5 nonhealth impacts of water pollution 79 6 nonhealth impacts of air. Air pollutants are relatively shortlived, particularly compared with longlived greenhouse gases, such as carbon dioxide co 2, and measures to control air pollutants could have an effect on climate change in the shortterm. Home air air pollution air pollution introduction by air pollution we mean the presence, in the air, of one or more substances that alter the composition and equilibrium of the atmosphere, causing harmful effects for humans, animals, plants and for the environment. Pollution removal is only one of various ways that urban trees affect air quality. Outdoor air pollution was responsible for 6,20,000 deaths in 2010. Sources of indoor air pollution range from home improvements, to our furry friends, to outside contaminants that make their way inside. Air pollution, climate and health world health organization. Essentially, biomonitoring of trace element air pollution is regarded as relevant, because of the pollution s impact on ecosystem performance and human health. Indoor air pollution has occurred since prehistoric times when people moved to live indoors and fire was brought into closed shelters for cooking and space heating 1. Some some plant species are sensitive to specific single pollutan ts or to mixtures of po llutants. I air pollution caused by industries jiming hao and guowen li typically decreases at the rate of 6.
Environmental protection agency, research triangle park, nc 27711. Analysis and abatement of air pollution involve a variety of technical disciplines. Air pollution is the top environmental risk factor of premature death in europe. Benefits associated with air pollutant producing activities v. Air pollution and its control measures sameer kumar1 and dhruv katoria2 department of environment engineering, delhi technological university d. Plan strenuous outside activities when air quality is better. Biomonitoring of traffic air pollution in rome using magnetic properties of tree leaves article pdf available in atmospheric environment 3721. But air cannot escape from the atmosphere as the force of gravity keeps it from floating away from the earth. But improving indoor air quality isnt just about keeping contaminants out of your indoor air, its also about maintaining a healthy air flow and getting toxins out when need be. American thoracic society patient health series air. A wide range of adverse effects of ambient air pollution on health has been well documented by studies conducted in various parts of the world. Next, we discuss the available evidence on the relationship between air pollution and health, and between respiratory health and productivity.
Ambient outdoor air quality guidelines for each of the pollutants detailed below can be. Many healthharmful air pollutants also damage the climate. N 69 59 64 96 67 73 group fff fnn ffn nnn nff nnf s 1,8 1,6 1,4 1,2 1,0,8. Review of solutions to global warming, air pollution, and energy security mark z.
Air pollution removal by urban trees and shrubs in the united. Integrated studies of tree effects on air pollution reveal that management of urban. Air pollution reduces plant biodiversity and affects other ecosystem services, such as clean water, recreational activities and carbon storage. This sixth edition of the epa air pollution control cost manual was prepared by the air quality strategies and standards division of the office of air quality planning and standards, u. Air pollution is produced both by human activity such as combustion of. The present lecture note on air pollution is therefore, prepared to be used as a teaching material to train mainly environmental health and other students of health. In children, air pollution is linked to asthma and bronchitis, increases in school absences and er visits. Jacobson received 12th june 2008, accepted 31st october 2008 first published as an advance article on the web 1st december 2008 doi. Burning of fossil fuels by motor vehicles including cars, buses and trucks and. Air pollution is the introduction into the atmosphere of chemicals, particulates, or biological materials that cause discomfort, disease, or death to humans, damage other living organisms such as. Evidence from professional soccer in this paper, we estimate the causal effect of ambient air pollution on individuals productivity by using panel data on the universe of professional soccer players in germany over the period 19992011. Impacts of air pollution on human health, ecosystems and.
As such, there is a need for more reliable and sustainable air pollution monitoring and control. National air pollution control administration publication no. It also deals with the types, origins, sources, atmospheric movements and effects of air pollution. Air pollution is among the leading causes of death in india the global burden of disease report has ranked outdoor air pollution as the fifth leading cause of death in india and indoor air pollution as the third leading cause. Environmental pollution 1970 vol 1, issue 1, pages 189. Air quality in europe 2014 report eea report no 52014. The weight of an air contaminant in a cubic meter of air 3mgm and the volume ratio ppm v, or just ppm are normally used. These include stroke and heart disease, respiratory illness and cancers. Natural pollution volcanic eruptions, forest fires, biological decay. Presence of any substance which has harmful effects on human or environmental health sources of pollution. Air pollution and its effects on health case studies, india. Definitions and classifications used in the study of air pollution are introduced. But if you are concerned about air pollution, there is a free and easy to use service that allows you to check levels in your area. There is thus a growing need for accurate information on the effect of air pollution on health as a basis for designing scientific, effective and well targeted strategies to reduce these effects.
Consequences of air pollution co 2 is a good transmitter of sunlight, but it also partially restricts infrared radiation going back from the earth into space, which produces the socalled greenhouse effect that prevents a drastic cooling of the earth during the night increasing the amount of co 2 in the atmosphere. The present book is devoted to an indepthanalysis ofthe gen eration and control of air pollutants at their source, which we refer to as air pollution engineering. What are the causes of air pollution pollutant description and main uk sources potential effects on healthenvironment particulate matter pmpm 10 and pm 2. Air pollution is the name for the mixture of substances in the atmosphere the air around us that we breathe. There are many different types of pollution, though not all types of pollution can be seen.
Michael hogan pollution is environmental contamination that results in harm or death to living organisms. Indoor air pollution has too often taken a backseat to outdoor air pollution, a subject that receives much attention, nationally and internationally. Pollution destroys and harms not only the air, the water, and the environment, but also humans, animals, and plants. Reduce your risk by using the air quality index aqi to plan outdoor activities. To make the assessment even more significant, much research effort is devoted to the extraction of source terms emission profiles from the data obtained.
Today, indoor air pollution caused by burning of traditional solid fuels such as woodfuel, agricultural residues, and dried animal dung in unvented cookstoves in rural areas of. The air is certainly a lot cleaner today than in the days of the smogs of the 1950s, when factory chimneys belched out smoke and nearly everyone had a coal fire. Indoor air pollution, health and economic wellbeing. Pollution can be found everywhere on the globe, even in the polar regions. Air pollution the air quality index how does air pollution affect me. Agencies involved in air pollution assessment and control vi. Commission estimates that healthrelated costs of air pollution in the eu range from 390 to 940 billion euros per year. Air pollution is a significant threat to human health, and children are at increased risk because of their immature lungs and immune systems. In addition to air pollution, this industry also causes impairment to the health of the workers, and is classified as a unit carrying on hazardous process. Most pollution is in the form of chemical additions to air, water or soil. Air pollution occurs when certain gases and particles build up in the atmosphere to such levels that they can cause harm to our health, causing breathing and respiratory problems, and even resulting in premature death, as well as damaging the environment around us.
N 19 19 19 18 18 18 clean dirty 10 8 6 4 2 02 births late early. The troposphere is the layer that contains most of our air pollutants ii stratosphere is the layer between the troposphere and approximately 50km. Abstract air pollution are basically the foreign material in the aircan be manmade or occur naturally, and are concentrated where people are concentrated. This book covers principles and practices of air pollution such as sampling, analysis and control. Review of evidence on health aspects of air pollution. History of significant air pollution events many of the worst air pollution episodes occurred in the last two centuries in london key ingredients calm winds, fog, smoke from coal burning 1873 700 deaths 1911 1150 deaths 1952 over 4000 deaths this last event prompted the parliament to pass a clean air act in 1956. Also introduced are a brief history of air pollution. Framework directive on ambient air quality and under the aarhus convention that was ratified by the eu in 2005. Combining this data with hourly information on the concentration of. Pdf biomonitoring of traffic air pollution in rome using. Children living near diesel trucking routes are more likely to have decreased lung function, bronchitis and allergies. Outdoor air pollution and your health american thoracic society.
There is significant inequality in exposure to air pollution and related. Classifications of air pollution city of albuquerque env. Air pollution and climate change european commission. Air quality in europe 2014 report executive summary despite considerable improvements in the past decades, europe is still far from achieving levels of air quality that do not pose unacceptable risks to humans and the environment. Pdf moss biomonitoring of air pollution with heavy. Understanding the health impacts of air pollution in london. American thoracic society patient health series air pollution. Pdf causes, consequences and control of air pollution.
The presence of one or more contaminants like dust, smoke, mist and odor in the atmosphere which are injurious to human beings, plants and animals. However, some groups of people are especially sensitive to common air pollutants such as particulates and ground level. Understanding the health impacts of air pollution in london kings college london 4 3. Proceedings of the first european congress on the influence of air pollution on plants and animals, wageningen 1968 1969. Human and animal diseases in the biomonitoring of environmental pollution 9. A comprehensive treatment ofeach ofthese three areas is beyond the scope of a single book, however. Biomonitoring of air pollution with plants has been a common practice for many decades. Household air pollution hap, also known as indoor air pollution iap, is a serious area of concern in rural spaces, as majority of this population.
Clean air is vital to sustain the delicate balance of life on earth. Air pollution is produced by both human activity and naturally occurring events. Air pollution can cause health problems, by inhaling particles, such as reactive chemicals like ozone, and biological materials like pollens. Air pollution contributes to climate change, hence air pollution. Urban air pollution is largely a result of combustion of fossil fuels that are used in transportation, power generation, industrial sector, and other economic activities. In order to protect our planet and its inhabitants we should not pollute the. Centre for agricultural publishing and documentation. Choosing natural, lowtoxin options that have as little scent as possible is therefore important for air pollution prevention.
But if you are concerned about air pollution, there is a free and easy to use service that allows you to. Plan strenuous outside activities when air quality is. Air pollution has become a major environmental problem facing the world today due rapid increase in industrialization and anthropogenic activities. Review of solutions to global warming, air pollution, and. At the direction of the secretary, the national air pollution control administration. This report summarizes the most recent information on the. Air pollution reduces the economic value of crops and leads to expensive cleaning of cultural heritage. For environmental health science students air pollution mengesha admassu, mamo wubeshet university of gondar in collaboration with the ethiopia public health training initiative, the carter center, the ethiopia ministry of health, and the ethiopia ministry of education august 2006. Classifications of air pollution city of albuquerque.
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